List of shortwave radio broadcasters
Appearance
This is a List of shortwave radio broadcasters updated on Jun 4, 2024:[1][2]
By country
[edit]State | Broadcaster | First shortwave broadcast | Last shortwave broadcast | Currently broadcasting on SW | Currently broadcasting online | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | Radio Kabul | 2011 | 2020 | No | No | |
Albania | Radio Tirana | 1937 | 2022 | No | Yes | Relayed by Radio Miami International (WRMI) from 2017-2022. Online as Radio Tirana International. |
Algeria | Radio Algérienne | 1962 | Yes | Yes | ||
Angola | Rádio Nacional de Angola | 1979 | 2022 | No | Yes | |
Argentina | Radiodifusión Argentina al Exterior | 1949 | Yes | No | Relayed by Radio Miami International (WRMI) | |
Radio Nacional Arcángel San Gabriel | 1979 | Yes | ||||
Armenia | Public Radio of Armenia | 1926 | 2018 | No | Yes | |
Dengê Kurdistanê | 2012 | Yes | ||||
Australia | Radio Australia | 1939 | 2017 | No | Yes | Operated by the public Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Continues online as ABC Radio Australia/ABC Pacific |
2FC | 1925? | 1930? | No | No | ||
3LO | 1925? | 1930? | No | No | ||
4QG | 1925? | 1930? | No | No | ||
6WF | 1925 | 1929 | No | No | Transmissions of shortwave parallel ceased Sep 1929 when ABC/PMG assumed control | |
VLR | 1925? | 1930? | No | No | ||
VK2ME | 1925? | 1930? | No | No | ||
VK3ME | 1925? | 1930? | No | No | ||
VK6ME | 1925? | 1930? | No | No | ||
Reach Beyond Australia | 2003 | Yes | No | Religious broadcaster. Based in Kilsyth, Victoria | ||
Radio Hobart International | 2004 | Yes | No | Based in Hobart, Tasmania. Relayed via WBCQ and New Zealand FM stations. | ||
North Queensland Radio | 2017 | Yes | No | Based in Innisfail, Queensland. | ||
Shortwave Australia | 2022 | Yes | No | Based in Bendigo, Victoria. | ||
77400 FM | 2017 | 2018 | No | Based in Alice Springs, Northern Territory. | ||
Ozy Radio | 2017 | 2018 | No | Based in Perth, Western Australia. | ||
Radio Symban | 2008 | 2018 | No | Based in Sydney, New South Wales. | ||
Genesis Radio | 2016 | 2018 | No | Based in Sydney, New South Wales. | ||
Station X | 2016 | 2018 | No | Based in Wee Waa, New South Wales. | ||
Unique Radio | 2016 | 2018 | No | Based in Gunnedah, New South Wales. Relays via WINB. | ||
Austria | Radio Austria International | 1955 | 2003 | No | No | |
Ö1 International | 2003 | 2009 | No | No | Foreign-language services discontinued, German-language only streams of domestic channels | |
Azerbaijan | İctimai Radio | 2006 | 2018 | No | No | |
Voice of Justice | 1997 | Yes | ||||
Voice of Talyshistan | 2013 | Yes | ||||
Bahrain | Radio Bahrain | 1971 | 2019 | No | ||
Bangladesh | Bangladesh Betar | 1939 | Yes | |||
Belarus | Radio Belarus | 1962 | 2016 | No | Yes | International service in 9 languages available online, via satellite and on FM border stations.[3] |
Belgium | RTBF International | 2004 | 2009 | No | No | |
Benin | Radiodiffusion et télévision du Bénin | 1972 | 2009 | No | ||
Bhutan | Bhutan Broadcasting Service | 1991 | 2020 | No | Last Heard in November 2020 | |
Bolivia | Radio Mosoj Chaski | 1999 | Yes | Based in Cochabamba. | ||
Radio Santa Ana del Yacuma | 1999 | Yes | Based in Santa Ana del Yacuma, Beni Department. | |||
Radio San Miguel | ? | Yes | Based in Riberalta, Beni Department. | |||
Radio Eco | ? | Yes | Based in Reyes, Beni Department. | |||
Radio Fides | ? | Yes | Based in La Paz. | |||
Radio Panamericana | 1972 | Yes | Based in La Paz. | |||
Radio Patria Nueva | ? | Yes | Based in La Paz. | |||
Radio Pio XII | ? | Yes | Based in Siglo Veinte, Oruro Department. | |||
Radio Yura | 2000 | Yes | Based in Yura, Potosi Department. | |||
Radio Santa Cruz | 1975 | Yes | Based in Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Department. | |||
Botswana | Radio Botswana | 1965 | 2007 | No | ||
Brazil | Rádio Nacional da Amazônia | 1977 | Yes | Based in Brasília, Distrito Federal. Operated by the public EBC. Targeted to the population of Brazilian Amazon. | ||
Radio Integração | ? | Yes | Broadcast from Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre. | |||
Radio Verdes Florestas | ? | Yes | Broadcast from Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre. | |||
Rádio Difusora do Amazonas | 1948 | Yes | Broadcast from Manaus, Amazonas. | |||
Rádio Rio Mar | 1954 | 2017 | No | Broadcast from Manaus, Amazonas. | ||
Rádio Brasil Central | 1950 | Yes | Broadcast from Goiânia, Goiás. | |||
Rádio Daqui | ? | 2017 | No | Broadcast from Goiânia, Goiás. | ||
Rádio Inconfidência | 1936 | Yes | Broadcast from Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Operated by Empresa Mineira de Comunicação (Minas Gerais Communication Company), the public broadcasting company of the state of Minas Gerais. | |||
Rádio Itatiaia | 1952 | 2017 | No | Broadcast from Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. | ||
Rádio Congonhas | ? | Yes | Broadcast from Congonhas, Minas Gerais. | |||
Rádio Marumby | 1976 | Yes | Religious broadcaster. Broadcast from Curitiba, Paraná. | |||
Radio Cultura Filadélfia | ? | Yes | Religious broadcaster. Broadcast from Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná. | |||
Rádio Alvorada de Londrina | 2001 | Yes | Religious broadcaster. Broadcast from Londrina, Paraná. | |||
Rádio Difusora de Londrina | 1950 | Yes | Broadcast from Londrina, Paraná. | |||
Rádio Clube do Pará | 1928 | Yes | Broadcast from Belém, Pará. | |||
Radio Rural | ? | Yes | Religious broadcaster. Broadcast from Santarem, Pará. | |||
Radio Relogio | ? | Yes | Religious broadcaster. Broadcast from São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro. | |||
Rádio Gaúcha | 1927 | Yes | Broadcast from Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. | |||
Rádio Guaíba | 1957 | Yes | Broadcast from Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. | |||
Super Rede Boa Vontade | 1992 | Yes | Religious broadcaster. Broadcast from Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. | |||
Rádio Trans Mundial | 1970 | 2018 | No | Religious broadcaster. Broadcast from Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. | ||
Radio Caiari | ? | No | Religious broadcaster. Broadcast from Porto Velho, Rondônia. | |||
Rádio Roraima[4] | ? | Yes | Broadcast from Boa Vista, Roraima. | |||
Rádio Cultura de Cuiabá | ? | Yes | Broadcast from Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. | |||
Rádio Voz Missionária | ? | Yes | Religious broadcaster. Broadcast from Camboriú, Santa Catarina. | |||
Rádio Nove de Julho | 1953 | Yes | Religious broadcaster. Broadcast from São Paulo, São Paulo. | |||
Rádio Bandeirantes | 1937 | 2017 | No | Broadcast from São Paulo, São Paulo. | ||
Rádio Deus é Amor | 1962 | Yes | Religious broadcaster. Broadcast from São Paulo, São Paulo. | |||
Rádio Canção Nova | 1980 | Yes | Religious broadcaster. Broadcast from Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo. | |||
Rádio Aparecida | 1951 | Yes | Religious broadcaster. Broadcast from Aparecida, São Paulo. | |||
Rádio Cultura | 1932 | Yes | Broadcast from Araraquara, São Paulo. | |||
Rádio Meteorologia[permanent dead link] | ? | Yes | Broadcast from Ibitinga, São Paulo. | |||
Rádio Educadora | 1939 | Yes | Broadcast from Limeira, São Paulo. | |||
Rádio Novo Tempo | 1989 | Yes | Religious broadcaster. Broadcast from Jacareí, São Paulo. | |||
Bulgaria | Radio Bulgaria | 1930 | 2012 | No | Yes | |
Radio Na Gaskiya | 2018 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted Nigeria. | |||
Raadiyoo Warra Wangeelaa | ? | Yes | Religious broadcaster. | |||
Burkina Faso | Radio Burkina | 1959 | 2010 | No | ||
Burundi | Radio-Télévision nationale du Burundi | 1960 | 2003 | No | ||
Radio République Africaine | 2001 | 2015 | No | Clandestine station targeted Burundi. | ||
Cameroon | Cameroon Radio Television | 1987 | 2000 | No | ||
FM Mont Cameroon | ? | 2011 | No | |||
Voice of the Gospel | 1966 | Yes | Religious broadcaster. | |||
Canada | Radio Canada International | 1945 | 2012 | No | Yes | Transmitted via CKCX in Sackville, New Brunswick. Operated by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Known as CBC International Service until 1970. Continues as a web portal in 7 languages and produces podcasts in 5 foreign languages. |
CBC Northern Service | 1960 | 2012 | No | Yes | Relayed via CKCX to northern Quebec. Continues online and via AM and FM relays | |
CFCX | 1920 | 2010 | No | No | A relay of CINW, based in Montreal, Quebec. Both stations went off the air in 2010. | |
CFRX | 1937 | Yes | Yes | A relay of CFRB, based in Toronto, Ontario. Online as CFRB Newstalk 1010. | ||
CFVP | 1931 | 2023 | No | No | Based in Calgary, Alberta. Was a relay of CKMX (formerly CFCN). | |
CHNX | 1955 | 2001 | No | Yes | Based in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Relay of CHNS-FM. Shortwave relay discontinued but CHNS-FM continues on the air and online. | |
CHU | 1923 | Yes | No | National Research Council time signal. Based in Ottawa. | ||
CKFX | 1923 | 2007 | No | Yes | Based in Vancouver, British Columbia. Relay of CKWX which continues on the air and online. | |
CKZU | 1946 | 2017 | No | Yes | A relay of CBU, based in Vancouver, British Columbia, which continues on the air and online. | |
CKZN | 1939 | 2017 | No | Yes | Based in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, relay of CFGB Happy Valley-Goose Bay, which continues on the air and online. Intended target is remote areas of Labrador. Silent since 2017 but license renewed in 2022 by the CRTC. | |
CRCX | 1930[5] | 1938[6] | No | Yes | Based in Bowmanville, Ontario, originally VE9GW, founded by Gooderham and Worts as a relay of CKGW Toronto. Leased by the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission in 1933 along with CKGW, and renamed CRCX. Both stations purchased by the CBC in 1937. CKGW was renamed CBL and remains on the air and online as CBL-FM. | |
Bible Voice Broadcasting | 2000 | Yes | Yes | Religious broadcaster. Does not have its own transmitter but leases time on transmitters in Nauen, Tashkent, Sofia, and Yerevan[7] Podcasts online. | ||
Cape Verde | Radio Nacional de Cabo Verde | 1987 | 1989 | No | ||
Central African Republic | Radio Maïngo | 2007 | Yes | |||
Chad | Radiodiffusion et de Télévision du Tchad | 1984 | 2013 | No | ||
Radio Ndarson International | 2018 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted Chad. | |||
China, People's Republic of | China Radio International | 1941 | Yes | Yes[8] | ||
Voice of Jinling | 1986 | Yes | ||||
Voice of Strait | 1958 | Yes | ||||
Voice of Shangri-La | 1986 | Yes | ||||
Beibu Bay Radio | 1984 | Yes | ||||
Tibet People's Broadcasting Station | 2003 | Yes | ||||
Inner Mongolia People's Broadcasting Station | 1950 | Yes | ||||
Xinjiang People's Broadcasting Station | 1950 | Yes | ||||
Qinghai People's Broadcasting Station | 1970 | Yes | ||||
Gannan People's Broadcasting Station | 1960 | Yes | ||||
Guizhou People's Broadcasting Station | 1968 | Yes | ||||
Sichuan Radio and Television | 1960 | Yes | ||||
Hunan People's Broadcasting Station | 1970 | Yes | ||||
Hulunbeir People's Broadcasting Station | 1950 | Yes | ||||
China Huayi Broadcasting Corporations | 1991 | Yes | ||||
Voice of Pujiang | 2011 | 2013 | No | |||
China, Republic of/Taiwan | Voice of Free China / Radio Taiwan International | 1949 | Yes | Yes[9] | ||
Fu Hsin Broadcasting Station | 1956 | Yes | ||||
Kwanghua Broadcasting Station | 1988 | Yes | ||||
PCJ Radio | 2008 | 2020 | No | No | ||
Croatia | Voice of Croatia | 1991 | 2013 | No | ||
Colombia | Cadena Melodía de Colombia | 1947 | 2012 | No | ||
Alcaraván Radio | ? | Yes | ||||
La Voz de tu Conciencia | ? | Yes | ||||
Comoros | Radio Comores | 1975 | 1997 | No | ||
Cuba | Radio Havana Cuba | 1961 | Yes | Yes | ||
Radio Progresso | 1929 | Yes | ||||
Radio Rebelde | 1958 | Yes | ||||
Cyprus | Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation | 1953 | 2013 | No | ||
Bayrak Radio and Television Corporation | 1963 | 2017 | No | |||
Czech Republic | Radio Prague | 1936 | Yes | Yes | Leases time on various transmitters. Relayed on Radio Miami International (WRMI) since 2011. | |
Denmark | Radio Denmark | 1948 | 2004 | No | No | |
World Music Radio | 1967 | Yes | ||||
Radio 208 | 2019 | Yes | ||||
Radio OZ-Viola | 2018 | 2018 | No | |||
Democratic Republic of Congo | Radio Télé Candip | 1974 | No | |||
Best Radio | 2001 | No | ||||
Republic of Congo | Radio Congo | 1945 | Yes | |||
Djibouti | Radiodiffusion Television de Djibouti | 1977 | 2010 | No | ||
Ecuador | HCJB | 1931 | Yes | International and regional broadcasts ended in 2009. Current shortwave broadcasts target Ecuador only. | ||
Egypt | Voice of the Arabs/Radio Cairo | 1953 | Yes | |||
Equatorial Guinea | Radio Nacional de Guinea Ecuatorial | 1967 | 2021 | No | ||
Eritrea | Voice of the Broad Masses of Eritrea | 1993 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted Ethiopia. | ||
Ethiopia | Ethiopian National Radio | 1987 | Yes | |||
Somali Regional State Radio | ? | Yes | ||||
Voice of the Tigray Revolution | ? | Yes | ||||
Radio Oromiyaa | ? | Yes | ||||
Amhara Regional State Radio | ? | Yes | ||||
Radio Fana | 1994 | Yes | ||||
Voice of Peace and Democracy of Eritrea | 2005 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted Eritrea. | |||
Voice of Democratic Alliance of Eritrea | 1999 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted Eritrea. | |||
Finland | YLE Radio Finland | 1938 | 2006 | No | No | Transmitted via Lahti radio station from 1938 to 1948, Pori shortwave station from 1948 to 1987 and finally then new Pori's shortwave center in Preiviiki district from 1987 to the end of 2006. Known before early 1970s as shortwave service of Finnish Broadcasting Company. |
Scandinavian Weekend Radio | 2000 | Yes | ||||
France | Radio France Internationale | 1945/1975 | Yes | Yes | Known from 1945 to 1975 successively as RTF Radio Paris, RDF Radio France, and ORTF Radio Paris | |
Poste Colonial | 1931 | 1938 | No | No | State-owned, aimed at French colonial empire. | |
Paris-Mondial | 1938 | 1940 | No | No | State-owned, terminated by German invasion of France during WWII. | |
Radio-Paris Mondial | 1940 | 1944 | No | No | Used by German occupation forces to broadcast German propaganda in French, internationally | |
La Voix de la France | 1941 | 1944 | No | No | Operated by Vichy France regime with propaganda broadcasts aimed at French colonies. | |
Radio Eritrea International | 2012 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted Eritrea. | |||
Radio Adal | 2016 | 2018 | No | Clandestine station targeted Eritrea. | ||
Radio Al-Mukhtar | ? | 2018 | No | Religious broadcaster. Clandestine station targeted Eritrea. | ||
Radio Xoriyo | 2000 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted Eritrea. | |||
Sagalee Qeerroo Bilisummaa | 2016 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted Eritrea. | |||
Eye Radio | 2016 | 2018 | No | Clandestine station targeted Eritrea. | ||
Quê Me Radio | ? | Yes | Clandestine station targeted Vietnam. | |||
French Polynesia | Radio Tahiti | 1934 | ? | No | ||
Gabon | Africa No 1 | 1979 | 2013 | No | Yes | Most powerful shortwave station in Africa |
Germany | Deutsche Welle | 1953 | Yes | Yes | State-owned | |
Radio Berlin International | 1959 | 1990 | No | No | East German station absorbed by Deutsche Welle due to German reunification | |
Deutscher Kurzwellensender (German Shortwave Station) | 1933 | 1945 | No | No | Nazi-era station operated by the Foreign Radio Section of the Ministry of Propaganda | |
Weltrundfunksender (World Radio Station) | 1929 | 1933 | No | No | Shortwave station operated by the Reichspost (post office) | |
Deutscher Wetterdienst | 1952 | Yes | Weather station | |||
Evangelische Missions-Gemeinden | ? | Yes | Religious broadcaster. | |||
Radio Darc | ? | Yes | ||||
Radio Gloria International | 1976 | 2018 | No | |||
Radio Joystick | 1985 | Yes | ||||
Hamburger Lokalradio | ? | Yes | ||||
Channel 292 | 1975 | Yes | ||||
Voice of Oromo Liberation | 1992 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted Ethiopia. | |||
Georgia | Radio Georgia | 1925 | 2005 | No | ||
Voice of Abkhazia | 1992 | 2016 | No | |||
Ghana | Ghana Broadcasting Corporation | 1935 | 2007 | No | ||
Greece | Voice of Greece | 1938 | 2022 | No | Yes | Currently in Greek only. |
Guinea | Radio Télévision Guinéenne | 1958 | 2021 | No | ||
Guinea-Bissau | Radiodifusão Nacional da República de Guiné-Bissau Archived 2020-01-23 at the Wayback Machine | 1973 | 1987 | No | ||
Hungary | Radio Budapest | 1950 | 2007 | No | ||
Iceland | Rikisutvarpid | 1948 | 2007 | No | Yes | |
India | All India Radio | 1939 | Yes | |||
Voice of Kashmir | 2002 | Yes | ||||
Azad Kashmir Radio | ? | Yes | ||||
Athmik Yathra Radio | 1985 | Yes | Religious broadcaster. | |||
Indonesia | Voice of Indonesia | 1945 | Yes | Yes | ||
Iran | IRIB World Service | 1956 | Yes | |||
Voice of the Islamic Palestinian Revolution | 2015 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted Israel. | |||
Radio Payam-e Doost | 2001 | 2018 | No | Clandestine station targeted Iran. | ||
Ireland | Raidió Teilifís Éireann | 1995 | 2004 | No | Yes | |
Israel | Israel Radio International | 1950 | 2013 | No | ||
Italy | Rai Italia Radio | 1930 | 2007 | No | ||
Italian Broadcasting Corporation | 1979 | 2018 | No | |||
Ivory Coast | Radiodiffusion-Télévision Ivorienne | 1962 | 1996 | No | ||
Japan | NHK World Radio Japan | 1935 | Yes | Yes | ||
Radio Nikkei | 1954 | Yes | ||||
Shiokaze Radio | 2004 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted North Korea. | |||
Furusato no Kaze Radio | 2007 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted North Korea. | |||
Kenya | Kenya Broadcasting Corporation | 1928 | 2006 | No | ||
Kuwait | Radio Kuwait | 1983 | Yes | |||
Laos | Lao National Radio | 1960 | 2020 | No | ||
Latvia | Radio Riga/Radio Latvia | 1925 | 2009 | No | ||
Liberia | Radio ELWA | 2000 | Yes | |||
Libya | Libyan Radio and Television Network | 2011 | 2013 | No | ||
Lithuania | Radio Vilnius | 1952 | ? | No | ||
Madagascar | Radio Madagasikara | 1960 | Yes | |||
Malawi | Malawi Broadcasting Corporation | 1964 | 2002 | No | ||
Malaysia | Voice of Malaysia | 1963 | 2011 | No | ||
Radio Klasik FM | 2012 | Yes | ||||
Radio Free Sarawak | 2010 | 2014 | No | Clandestine station targeted Malaysia. | ||
Mali | Office de Radiodiffusion-Television du Mali | 1983 | Yes | |||
Mauritania | Radio Mauritanie | 1960 | 2012 | No | ||
Mexico | Radio México Internacional | 1968 | 2004 | No | ||
Radio Educación | 1924 | Yes | ||||
Mongolia | Voice of Mongolia | 1966 | Yes | Yes | ||
Morocco | Radio Mediterranee Internationale | 1980 | 2017 | No | ||
SNRT Radio National | 1956 | 2012 | No | |||
Mozambique | Radio Mozambique | 1975 | 2001 | No | ||
Myanmar | Myanmar Radio | 1946 | Yes | |||
Thazin Radio | ? | Yes | ||||
Namibia |
Namibian Broadcasting Corporation | 1979 | 2004 | No | ||
Nepal | Radio Nepal | 1951 | 2019 | No | ||
Netherlands | Radio Netherlands Worldwide | 1947 | 2013 | No | No | |
Philips Radio (PCJJ & PHOHI) | 1927 | 1947 | No | No | Private broadcaster. PHOHI was aimed at Dutch colonies in the East and West Indies, PCJJ was an international station broadcasting in English, Spanish, German and Dutch. Service suspended in 1940 due to World War II, resumed in 1945 until 1947 when the stations were nationalized and became Radio Netherlands. | |
The Mighty KBC | 2009 | Yes | Aimed at European truckers. Broadcast via WRMI Miami since 2023. Previously used transmitters in Vilnus, Lithuania and Nauen, Germany. | |||
New Zealand | Radio New Zealand International | 1948 | Yes | Yes | ||
Niger | La Voix du Sahel | 1958 | 2012 | No | ||
Nigeria | Voice of Nigeria | 1961 | Yes | |||
Radio Nigeria-Kaduna | 1962 | 2017 | No | |||
Radio Na Gaskiya | 2018 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted Nigeria. | |||
Radio Herwa International | 2017 | 2018 | No | Clandestine station targeted Nigeria. Relayed by Radio Miami International (WRMI) since 2018. | ||
North Korea | Pyongyang Broadcasting Station | 1955 | 2024 | No | Jammed in South Korea. | |
Korean Central Broadcasting Station | 1945 | Yes | Jammed in South Korea. | |||
Voice of Korea | 1945 | Yes | ||||
Voice of Unification | 2013 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted to South Korea and also jammed in South Korea. | |||
Voice of National Salvation | 1970 | 2003 | No | Clandestine station targeted to South Korea and also jammed in South Korea. | ||
Norway | NRK | 1948 | 2002 | No | ||
Voice of Tibet | 1996 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted China. | |||
Democratic Voice of Burma | 1992 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted Myanmar. | |||
Bergen Kringkaster | 2012 | Yes | ||||
Oman | Radio Sultanate of Oman | 1970 | ? | No | ||
Pakistan | Radio Pakistan | 1973 | 2016 | No | ||
Voice of Jammu and Kashmir Freedom Movement | 1999 | 2015 | No | Clandestine station targeted India. | ||
Papua New Guinea | National Broadcasting Corporation | 1973 | Yes | |||
Paraguay | Radio Nacional del Paraguay | 1942 | 2005 | No | ||
? | Yes | Based in Filadelfia, Boqueron Department. | ||||
? | Yes | Based in Asuncion. | ||||
Radio Licemil | ? | Yes | Based in Ypané. | |||
Peru | Radio La Voz Bolivar | ? | Yes | Broadcasts from Bolivar in Peru. | ||
? | Yes | Broadcasts from Chachapoyas in Peru. | ||||
Radio Logos | ? | Yes | Broadcasts from Chazuta in Peru. | |||
Radio Vision | ? | Yes | Broadcasts from Chiclayo in Peru. | |||
Radio Voz Cristiana | ? | Yes | Broadcasts from Chilca in Peru. | |||
Radio OAW7J | ? | Yes | Broadcasts from Cusco in Peru. | |||
Radio OAW7I | ? | Yes | Broadcasts from Cusco in Peru. | |||
Radio Tawantinsuyo | ? | Yes | Broadcasts from Cusco in Peru. | |||
? | Yes | Broadcasts from Huancabamba in Peru. | ||||
Radio Virgen del Carmen | ? | Yes | Broadcasts from Huancavelica in Peru. | |||
? | 2017 | No | Broadcasts from Huanta in Peru. | |||
? | Yes | Broadcasts from Huanta in Peru. | ||||
Radio Ondas del Huallaga | ? | Yes | Broadcasts from Huanuco in Peru. | |||
? | Yes | Broadcasts from Huaraz in Peru. | ||||
? | 2017 | No | Broadcasts from Hunter Aqp in Peru. | |||
Radio OAD3A | ? | Yes | Broadcasts from Independecia in Peru. | |||
La Voz de la Selva | ? | Yes | Broadcasts from Iquitos in Peru. | |||
Radio Victoria | ? | 2017 | No | Broadcasts from Lima in Peru. | ||
Radio Pacifico | 1964 | Yes | Broadcasts from Lima in Peru. | |||
Radio San Antonio de Padua | 1993 | 2006 | No | Broadcasts from Padua in Peru. | ||
Radio Madre de Dios | ? | Yes | Broadcasts from Puerto Maldonado in Peru. | |||
? | Yes | Broadcasts from Quillabamba in Peru. | ||||
Radio OAW2H | ? | Yes | Broadcasts from Santiago de Chuco in Peru. | |||
Radio Tarma | ? | Yes | Broadcasts from Tarma in Peru. | |||
Chaski Radio Archived 2022-09-05 at the Wayback Machine | ? | Yes | Broadcasts from Urubamba in Peru. | |||
Radio San Antonio | ? | Yes | Broadcasts from Villa Atalaya in Peru. | |||
Philippines | Radyo Pilipinas Worldwide | 1972 | Yes | |||
Radio Veritas | 1969 | 2018 | No | Religious broadcaster. | ||
FEBC Radio | 1949 | Yes | Religious broadcaster. | |||
Poland | Radio Polonia | 1936 | 2013 | No | Yes | |
Portugal | RDP Internacional | 1935 | 2011 | No | ||
Qatar | Qatar Media Corporation | 1971 | 2002 | No | ||
Romania | Radio Romania International | 1927 | Yes | Yes | Also digitally using DRM30[10] | |
Russian Federation | Radio Moscow / Voice of Russia | 1929 | 2014 | No | Yes (Under the name Sputnik) | |
Radiostansiya Rodina | ? | ? | No | Translates to Radio Station Motherland | ||
Radiostansiya Atlantika | ? | ? | No | Broadcast to the Soviet fishing fleet | ||
Radio Mayak | 1964 | ? | No | |||
Radio Station Peace and Progress | 1964 | 1991 | No | |||
National Broadcasting Company of Sakha | 2005 | 2018 | No | |||
GTRK Kamchatka | 2018 | Yes | ||||
GTRK "Adygea" | 1992 | 2020 | No | |||
Rwanda | Radio Rwanda | 1961 | 2015 | No | ||
Saint Helena | Radio Saint Helena | 1967 | 2009 | No | ||
São Tomé and Príncipe | Radio Nacional de São Tomé e Príncipe | 1975 | 1988 | No | ||
Saudi Arabia | Saudi Broadcasting Corporation | 1962 | Yes | |||
Radio Al-Azm | 2017 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted Yemen. | |||
Senegal | Radiodiffusion Télévision Sénégalaise | 1950 | 1997 | No | ||
Serbia | Radio Belgrade / International Radio of Serbia | 1935 | 2015 | No | ||
Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation | 1934 | 2002 | No | ||
Singapore | Radio Singapore International | 1994 | 2007 | No | ||
Slovakia | Radio Slovakia International | 1993 | Yes | Yes | Relayed through Radio Miami International (WRMI) since 2011. | |
Slovenia | Radio Slovenia International | 1992 | 2012 | No | ||
Solomon Islands | Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation | 1975 | Yes | |||
Somalia | Puntland TV and Radio | 2013 | Yes | |||
Warsan Radio | 2016 | Yes | ||||
Somaliland | Radio Hargeisa Archived 2022-05-16 at the Wayback Machine | 2012 | Yes | |||
South Africa | Radio RSA | 1966 | 1992 | No | No | Apartheid-era international service of SABC. Replaced by Channel Africa as a result of the end of apartheid. |
Channel Africa | 1992 | 2019 | No | Yes | International service of the state-owned SABC. Remains available via satellite and online. | |
South African Radio League | 1925 | Yes | No | Radio club broadcasts weekly bulletins in English and Afrikaans. Bulletins available online in text format only. | ||
Radio Sonder Grense | 1937 | 2019 | No | Yes | Domestic Afrikaans-language radio service operated by the SABC. Used shortwave to reach remote areas of South Africa. Shortwave transmissions discontinued with closure of Meyerton transmitter but remains available on FM, satellite, and online.[11] | |
South Korea | KBS World Radio | 1953 | Yes | Yes | ||
KBS Hanminjok Radio | 1972 | Yes | Jammed by North Korea. | |||
Korea Radio | 2005 | Yes | Targeted North Korea and also jammed by North Korea. | |||
North Korea Reform Radio | 2007 | Yes | Targeted North Korea and also jammed by North Korea. | |||
Voice of Wilderness | 1993 | Yes | Targeted North Korea and also jammed by North Korea. | |||
Voice of Freedom | 2008 | Yes | Targeted North Korea and also jammed by North Korea. | |||
Radio Free Chosun | 2005 | Yes | Targeted North Korea and also jammed by North Korea. | |||
Open Radio for North Korea | 2005 | 2018 | No | Targeted North Korea and also jammed by North Korea. | ||
Voice of the People | 1986 | Yes | Targeted North Korea and also jammed by North Korea. | |||
Radio Echo of Hope | 1973 | Yes | Targeted North Korea and also jammed by North Korea. | |||
MND Radio | 2010 | 2013 | No | Targeted North Korea and also jammed by North Korea. | ||
Spain | Radio Exterior de España | 1942 | Yes | |||
Sri Lanka | Radio Ceylon | 1949 | Yes | |||
Sudan | Voice of Africa | 1956 | Yes | |||
Suriname | Radio Apintie | 1980 | Yes | |||
Sweden | Radio Sweden | 1938 | 2010 | No | Yes | |
IBRA Media | ? | Yes | Religious broadcaster. | |||
Radyo Denge Welat | 2012 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted Turkey | |||
Radio Ranginkaman (Rainbow Radio) | 2012 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan. | |||
Switzerland | Swiss Radio International | 1930 | 2004 | No | ||
Syria | Radio Damascus | 1957 | 2013 | No | ||
Tajikistan | Voice of Tajik | 1991 | Yes | |||
Tanzania | Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation | 1951 | 2005 | No | ||
Zanzibar Broadcasting Corporation | 1951 | Yes | ||||
Thailand | Radio Thailand World Service | 1938 | Yes | |||
Tunisia | Radio Tunis Chaîne Internationale | 1938 | 2015 | No | ||
Turkey | Voice of Turkey | 1937 | Yes | |||
Togo | Radiodiffusion-Télévision Togolaise | 1973 | 2003 | No | ||
Uganda | Uganda Broadcasting Corporation | 1963 | 2015 | No | ||
Ukraine | Radio Ukraine International | 1950 | Yes | Relayed by Radio Miami International (WRMI) since 2010 | ||
United Kingdom | BBC World Service | 1932 | Yes | Yes | Previously known as the BBC Empire Service (1932-1939), BBC Overseas Service (1939-1965) | |
Voice of the People of Somaliland | 2017 | 2017 | No | |||
Dandal Kura | 2015 | Yes | ||||
Al-Quds TV | 2009 | ? | No | |||
End Times Coming Radio | ? | Yes | Religious broadcaster. | |||
United States | Voice of America (VOA) | 1942 | Yes | Yes | Government-owned broadcaster | |
Radio Free Europe | 1949 | Yes | Government-owned broadcaster originally targeting Eastern Europe during the Cold War | |||
Radio Liberty | 1953 | Yes | Government-owned broadcaster originally targeting the Soviet Union during the Cold War | |||
Radio Martí | 1985 | Yes | Government-owned broadcaster targeting Cuba | |||
American Forces Network | 1970 | Yes | ||||
Radio Free Asia | 1951 | Yes | Government-owned broadcaster targeting People's Republic of China and other Communist countries in East Asia. | |||
Radio Farda | 2002 | Yes | Government-owned broadcaster targeting Iran | |||
Radio Azadi | 2002 | Yes | Government-owned broadcaster targeting Afghanistan | |||
Radio Mashaal | 2010 | Yes | Government-owned broadcaster targeting Pashtuns in Afghanistan and Pakistan. | |||
KGEI | 1939 | 1994 | No | Based in Redwood Shores, California. | ||
KJES | 1992 | 2014 | No | Based in Vado, New Mexico. | ||
KNLS | 1983 | Yes | Based in Anchor Point, Alaska. | |||
KYOI | 1982 | 1989 | No | Based in Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands. | ||
KWHR | 1993 | 2009 | No | Based in Naalehu, Hawaii. | ||
WWRB | 1977 | 2020 | No | Based in Manchester, Tennessee. | ||
WWCR | 1989 | Yes | Based in Nashville, Tennessee. | |||
WTWW | 2010 | 2022 | No | Based in Lebanon, Tennessee. | ||
WRNO | 1982 | 2011 | No | Based in New Orleans, Louisiana. | ||
WRMI Radio Miami International | 1994 | Yes | Yes | Based in Okeechobee, Florida. | ||
WMLK | 1981 | Yes | Based in Bethel, Pennsylvania. Religious broadcaster. | |||
WINB | 1962 | Yes | Based in Red Lion, Pennsylvania. | |||
WRHI | 1985 | Yes | Based in Furman, South Carolina. | |||
WEWN | 1992 | Yes | Based in Irondale, Alabama. | |||
WBCQ | 1998 | Yes | Based in Monticello, Maine. | |||
WJHR | 2009 | Yes | Based in Milton, Florida. (Broadcasts in Upper Side Band) | |||
WSHB | 1989 | 2004 | No | Based in Furman, South Carolina | ||
The Voice of Hope | 1986 | 2023 | No | Religious broadcaster. | ||
Trans World Radio | 1952 | Yes | Religious broadcaster. | |||
Adventist World Radio | 1971 | Yes | Religious broadcaster. | |||
Far East Broadcasting Company | 1945 | Yes | Religious broadcaster. | |||
University Network | 1975 | Yes | Religious broadcaster. | |||
Family Radio | 1959 | 2013 | No | Religious broadcaster. | ||
Oromia Media Network | 2016 | 2018 | No | Based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. | ||
Radio Tamazuj | 2011 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted Sudan. | |||
Radio Dabanga | 2008 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted Sudan. | |||
Radio Biafra | ? | 2018 | No | Clandestine station targeted Nigeria. | ||
KAIJ | 1980 | 2018 | No | Based in Dallas, Texas. | ||
KTBN | 1987 | 2008 | No | Based in Salt Lake City, Utah. | ||
WHRA | 1985 | 2009 | No | Based in Greenbush, Maine. | ||
Follow the Bible Ministries | 2015 | Yes | Religious broadcaster. | |||
Voice of Khmer M'Chas Srok Archived 2021-03-23 at the Wayback Machine | 2014 | 2018 | No | Clandestine station targeted Cambodia. | ||
Sound of Hope | 2003 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted China. | |||
Voice of China | 1991 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted China. | |||
Radio Republica | 2005 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted Cuba. | |||
Radio Itahuka Archived 2018-03-15 at the Wayback Machine | 2016 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted Rwanda. | |||
Radio Sedaye Mardom | 2015 | 2017 | No | Clandestine station targeted Sudan. | ||
Radio Munansi | 2018 | Yes | Clandestine station targeted Uganda. | |||
Uruguay | 1945 | 2015 | No | |||
Uzbekistan |
Radio Tashkent | 1949 | 2001 | No | ||
Vanuatu | Radio Vanuatu Archived 2022-03-10 at the Wayback Machine | 1980 | Yes | |||
Vatican City | Vatican Radio | 1931 | Yes | Yes | https://www.vaticannews.va/en/short-waves.html | |
Venezuela | Canal Internacional de Radio Nacional de Venezuela | 1936 | 2010 | No | ||
Vietnam | Voice of Vietnam | 1945 | Yes | |||
Dien Bien Radio Station | ? | ? | No | No Longer broadcast on shortwave. | ||
Western Sahara | National Radio of the Saharan Arab Democratic Republic | 1975 | 2011 | No | ||
Yemen | Radio Sanna Archived 2022-08-12 at the Wayback Machine | 1991 | Yes | Irregular | ||
Zambia | Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation | 1941 | 2022 | No | No | |
Zimbabwe | Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation | 1963 | 2012 | No | No |
By frequency
[edit]Frequency (MHz) | Program | Transmitter site | Time, UTC | Days | Language | Power (kW) | Az | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3.965 | Radio France Internationale (DRM) | Issoudun | 01:00-00:57 | 1234567 | French (Digital) | 1 | ND | RFI |
3.975 | 6160 Shortwave AM Radio | Winsen | 16:00-18:00 | .234567 | English | 1 | ND | |
3.985 | SRF Schweizer Radio | Kall-Krekel | 16:00-17:00 | 1234567 | German | 1 | ND | |
3.995 | HCJB Deutsch | Weenermoor | 05:30-15:30 | 1234567 | German | 1.5 | ND | HCJ |
4.026 | Laser Hot Hits | ? | 00:00-00:00 | 1234567 | English | ? | ? | |
4.625 | UVB-76 | Kerro | 00:00-00:00 | ? | Russian | ? | ? | |
4.996 | RWM Etalon Vremeni | Taldom | ? | ? | Russian | 5 | ? | RC3 |
5.000 | IAM Segnale Orario | Rome | ? | ? | Italian | ? | ? | EUR |
5.140 | Charleston Radio International | Bozen | 00:00-24:00 | 1234567 | English | 1 | ND | |
5.825 | Radio OZ-Viola | Hillerod | ? | ? | Danish | 0.15 | ? | |
5.830 | Dniprovs'ka Khvylia | Zaporizhzhia | 04:00-07:00 | .....67 | Ukrainian | 0.25 | ? | |
5.840 | World Music Radio | Karup | 00:00-00:00 | 1234567 | Danish | 0.1 | ND | - |
5.895 | LKB/LLE | Bergen Kringkaster | 04:30-23:00 | 1234567 | Norwegian | 1 | ND | E-3 |
5.900 | BIBLE VOICE BCN/ Radio Dardasha7 | Kostinbrod (Sofia) | 18:15-18:30 | 1234567 | Arabic | 50 | 126 | BVBN |
5.905 | Deutscher Wetterdienst | Pinneberg | 16:00-16:30 | 1234567 | German | 10 | ND | |
5.920 | HCJB Deutsch | Weenermoor | 05:30-15:30 | 1234567 | German | 1 | 145 | HCJ |
5.970 | China Radio International | Cerrik | 16:00-18:00 | 1234567 | German | 150 | 330 | |
5.980 | Scandinavian Weekend Radio | Virrat | 00:01-00:00 | .....6. | Finnish | 0.1 | ND | |
6.000 | Radio Rossii Adygeya | Tbilisskaya | Russian | 1000 | ||||
6.005 | BBC | Woofferton | 05:00-06:00 | 1234567 | English | 250 | 184 | |
6.005 | Schweizer Radio SRF | Kall-Krekei | 10:30-11:00 | .23456. | German | 1 | 10 | |
6.070 | Radio Channel 292 | Rohrbach Waal | 05:25-19:00 | 1234567 | German, Dutch, English | 25 | ND | |
6.085 | Radio MiAmigo | Kall-Krekei | 09:00-14:00 | 1234567 | English | 20 | ND | |
6.090 | Caribbean Beacon (University Network) | Anguilla | 22:00-10:00 | 1234567 | English | 100 | 320 | CBB |
6.150 | Radio Marabu | Dattteln | 06:00-16:00 | 1234567 | German | 0.15 | ND | |
6.150 | Europa 24 | Dattteln | 16:00-18:00 | 1234567 | German | 0.15 | ND | |
6.155 | Ö1 | Moosbrunn | Deutsch | 300 | ||||
6.160 | 6160 AM Shortwave Radio | Winsen | 10:00-12:00 | .234567 | English | 1 | ND | |
6.170 | Scandinavian Weekend Radio | Virrat | 00:01-00:00 | .....6. | Finnish | 0.1 | ND | |
6.170 | Radio Onda | Margraten | 00:00-24:00 | 1234567 | Portuguese-English | 0.35 | RON | |
6.175 | Radio France Internationale | Issoudun | 09:00-12:00 | 1234567 | French | 100 | 153,267 | |
6.180 | Deutscher Wetterdienst | Pinneberg | 16:00-16:30 | 1234567 | German | 10 | ND | |
6.205 | Laser Hot Hits | English | ||||||
6.990 | Radio Voronezh | 12:00-15:00 | 1234567 | Russian | 1 | ND | ? | |
7.285 | China Radio International | Cerrik | 09:00-09:57 | 1234567 | Romanian | 150 | ND | |
7.330 | Radio Joystick | Moosbrunn | 10:00-11:00 | 1...... | English | 100 | 283 | MVB/MBR |
7.345 | BBC | Woofferton | 05:00-06:00 | 1234567 | English | 250 | 170 | |
7.365 | HCJB Deutsch | Weenermoor | 06:00-16:00 | 1234567 | German | 2 | 145 | |
7.440 | Radio Channel 292 | Rohrbach Waal | ||||||
7.450 | ERT3 102FM | Athens | Greek | 100 | ||||
9.275 | WMLK Radio | Pennsylvania | 17:00-22:00 | 123456 | English | 300 | 53 | |
9.420 | ERA I Foni tis Elladas | Athens | 05:00-22:55 | 1234567 | Greek | 250 | 323 | ERT |
9.50 | Golos And | Nauen | 15:30-16:30 | Russian | ||||
9.545 | BBC | Kostinbrod-Sofia | 17:30-17:49 | .23456. | Amharic | 200 | 156 | |
9.565 | China Radio International | Cerrik | 15:00-15:57 | 1234567 | Turkish | 150 | ND | |
9.640 | VATICAN RADIO | Santa Maria di Galeria | 16:40-17:00 | 1234567 | Ukrainian | 100 | 54 | |
9.645 | VATICAN RADIO | Santa Maria di Galeria | 06:05-07:00 | 1..... | Ukrainian | 250 | 26 | |
9.830 | Adventist World Radio | Nauen | 16:00-16:30 | 1234567 | Bulgarian | 100 | 135 | |
9.935 | ERA I Foni tis Elladas/ERT3 102 FM | Athens | 13:00-04:55 | 1234567 | Greek | 100 | 285 | |
9.996 | RWM Etalon Vremeni | Taldom | ? | ? | Russian | 8 | ? | |
11.530 | Voice of Welt (Radyo Denge Welat) | Issoudun | 15:00-21:00 | 1234567 | Kurdish | 250 | 90 | MEZ |
11.645 | ERA I Foni tis Elladas | Athens | ? | 1234567 | Greek | 100 | ? | |
11.700 | VATICAN RADIO | Santa Maria di Galeria | 16:40-17:00 | 1234567 | Ukrainian | 100 | 58 | |
11.740 | VATICAN RADIO | Santa Maria di Galeria | 06:05-07:00 | 1...... | Ukrainian | 250 | 62 | |
11.920 | China Radio International | Cerrik | 14:00-15:57 | 1234567 | French | 150 | 240 | |
11.955 | Adventist World Radio | Moosbrunn | 15:00-15:30 | 1234567 | Turkish | 300 | 115 | |
11.980 | Dniprovs'ka Khvylia | Zaporizhzhia | Ukrainian | 0.25 | ||||
12.005 | Radio Farda | Woofferton | 13:00-18:00 | 1234567 | Persian | 300 | 90 | |
12.160 | TWR India | Kishinev-Grigoriopol | 14:45-15:45 | .23456. | Panjabi | 300 | 98 | |
13.565 | S06 Spy Numbers | 09:10-09:15 | 1234567 | ? | ? | ? | ||
13.690 | Radio France Internationale | Issoudun | 16:00-17:00 | 1234567 | Hausa | 500 | 170 | |
13.800 | Golos And | Nauen | 15:30-16:30 | Russian | ||||
14.996 | RWM Etalon Vremeni | Taldom | ? | ? | Russian | 8 | ? | |
15.150 | WMLK Radio | Pennsylvania | 04:00-09:00 | 123456 | English | 300 | 53 | |
15.390 | Radio Exterior de Espana | Noblejas | 18:00-22:00 | 1234567 | Spanish | 200 | 161 | |
15.520 | Radio Exterior de Espana | Noblejas | 14:00-18:00, 18:00-22:00 | 1.....7, 1234567 | Spanish | 200 | 110 | |
15.785 | bit eXpress | Erlangen | 00:00-00:00 | 1234567 | German | 0.1 | ND | |
17.605 | Adventist World Radio | Moosbrunn | 14:30-15:00 | 1234567 | Afar | 300 | 140 | |
17.620 | Radio France Internationale | Issoudun | 18:00-19:00 | 1234567 | French | 500 | 175 | |
17.640 | Radio Free Asia | Lampertheim | 11:00-12:00 | 1234567 | Tibetan | 100 | 77 | |
17.715 | Radio Exterior de Espana | Noblejas | 14:00-18:00, 18:00-22:00 | 1.....7, 1234567 | Spanish | 200 | 230 | |
17.770 | Radio Xoriyo Ogaden | Issoudun | 16:00-16:30 | .2...6. | Somali | 500 | 130 | OGM |
17.830 | Radio Farda | Biblis | 08:30-15:30 | 1234567 | Persian | 100 | 85 | |
17.850 | Radio France Internationale | Issoudun | 18:00-19:00 | 1234567 | French | 500 | 155 | |
17.855 | Radio Exterior de Espana | Noblejas | 14:00-18:00, 18:00-22:00 | 1.....7, 1234567 | Spanish | 200 | 290 | |
21.580 | Radio France Internationale | Issoudun | 08:00-09:00 | 1234567 | French | 500 | 150 | |
21.620 | Radio Exterior de Espana | Noblejas | 14:00-18:00 | 1.....7 | Spanish | 200 | 161 | |
21.690 | Radio France Internationale | Issoudun | 16:00-17:00 | 1234567 | French | 500 | 185 | RFI |
25.000 | MIKES Aikamerkki | Espoo | ? | ? | Finnish | - | - | |
25.900 | Zeleniy Glaz | Moscow | ? | ? | Russian | ? | ? | |
26.060 | Railway Roma (DRM) | Rome | ? | ? | Italian (Digital) | ? | ? |
See also
[edit]- International broadcasting
- List of American shortwave broadcasters
- List of European short wave transmitters
- Shortwave broadcasting
References
[edit]- ^ WRTH 2017. WRTH Publications Limited. 2017. ISBN 978-0955548192.
- ^ "Article Index". British DX Club. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
- ^ "Radio "Belarus"".
- ^ Roraima, Radio. "Radio Roraima". www.radiororaima.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-09-22.
- ^ World Radio 1932worldradiohistory.com Archived 2021-01-20 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "The early shortwave stations : A broadcasting history through 1945 9781476604749, 1476604746".
- ^ "Short-wave info".
- ^ https://chinaplus.cri.cn/ [bare URL]
- ^ https://en.rti.org.tw/ [bare URL]
- ^ "Broadcast Schedule - Digital Radio Mondiale". Retrieved 2024-10-01.
- ^ "Sentech Shuts Meyerton Shortwave Site". 25 July 2019.